Basketball+Review

Dr. James Naismith invented basketball in 1891. A teacher at the YMCA, he saw the need for an indoor game that could be played during the inclement winter months. The game quickly grew in its popularity among both players and spectators, and in 1893, backboards were placed behind the rims to prevent overzealous fans from interfering with players’ shots. The first professional basketball league was created in 1898.

Two teams of 5 players are on the court at one time. All players contribute on offense and defense. Coaches may substitute players as often as they want, but only when the clock is stopped. Points are scored when a player shoots the ball through the hoop. A basket (or field goal) counts as either two or three points, and free throws count one point each depending on where a player shoots from.
 * Scoring:**

A basketball game is generally divided into 2 halves, each half is 20 minutes long. Between halves there is a 10 minute half time. The game starts with a “jump ball” at center court. After one half is completed teams switch ends so they are shooting at the opposite end. Time Out: Each team is permitted a certain number of time-outs per half. If a game ends in a tie, overtime periods of five minutes is played until one team outscores the other to win.
 * How long is a game?**


 * Jump Ball (or Tip-off)** - Starts the game at center court. The referee tosses the ball up between the two centers that jump to tip it toward a teammate.


 * __TYPES OF SHOTS IN BASKETBALL__**


 * Jump Shot** - A shot performed while jumping in the air in which the ball is released at the highest point off the ground. It is often used when shooting over a defender trying to block the ball.


 * Lay-up** - Describes when a player moves to the hoop with the ball, steps up toward the rim, and rolls the ball off his or her fingertips into the basket.


 * Bank Shot** - A shot in which the ball first touches the backboard before it goes into the hoop. A player will often try a bank shot when shooting from a difficult angle.


 * Free Throw** - A free shot taken from the foul line as the result of a foul. If a player is fouled while in the act of shooting the ball and misses the shot, he or she is given two free throws. If the shooter is fouled but makes the basket then only one free throw is taken.


 * Field Goal (or Basket)** - A shot through the hoop (other than a free throw). A basket scores either two or three points.

__FOULS AND VIOLATIONS__

 * Personal Foul** - Called when illegal body contact occurs between opposing players. Common examples are holding, charging, tripping, blocking, pushing, or interference. A personal foul results in either a player taking free throws or a team losing possession of the ball.


 * Charging** - Called when a player moving with the ball runs into a defender who has established a set guarding position. Possession of the ball goes to the defense.


 * Technical Foul** - Called against any player or coach for unsportsmanlike conduct such as swearing or arguing with a referee.


 * Fouled Out** - If a player commits a certain number of fouls in a game (usually five or six fouls per player), he or she is removed from play.


 * Three-second Violation** - An offensive player without the ball may not stand in the free-throw lane for more than three seconds. Infraction of this rule results in a “turnover.”


 * Five-second Rule** - A closely guarded player holding the ball has five seconds to either pass or advance the ball toward the hoop. When called, possession of the ball goes to the opposite team.

Backcourt Violation - An offensive player with the ball may not cross back over the half-court line once he or she has advanced the ball beyond half-court. Doing so results in a turnover.
 * Ten-second Rule** - After an “inbound,” offensive players have ten seconds to move the ball from their own “backcourt,” over the half-court line into their “frontcourt.”


 * Shot Clock Violation** - A shot must be taken within 30 seconds of a team gaining possession. In order for the shot clock to re-set a shot must be taken and at least hit the rim. Failure to do so results in a turnover and loss of possession.


 * Inbound Violation** - Players have five seconds to inbound the ball. If unable to do so the ball goes to the other team.


 * Backcourt and Frontcourt** - The names for the half-court areas in which the two teams play defense and offense respectively. One team’s frontcourt is the opposing team’s backcourt.


 * Traveling** - Called when a player with the ball takes too many steps or moves both feet without dribbling. This violation results in a turnover.


 * Double Dribble** - Once a player stops dribbling, he or she must pass or shoot the ball before dribbling again. Also, players may not have two hands on the ball at the same time while dribbling. Either violation of this rule results in a turnover.

Basketball Court Diagram and lines: